Abstracts

Author: Frank LaBanca, Ed.D.

Please post an abstract of your work-to-date for inclusion in our Symposium program.  200-300, typed, proofed words.


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20 Responses to “Abstracts”

  1. Dylan S Says:

    Metal is known to spark, and in some cases ignite a fire in your microwave; this occurs when two end of a microwave come in contact with a piece of metal, and then they form a spark. This can easily be prevented. Microwaves are only about two inches in length, and to prevent sparking you can have the metal over 2 inches away, but this is not a good method to use in order to produce heat. In this project the main focus is to coat the metal in a custom elastomer mold, this will prevent the metal from coming in contact with any microwaves. For this project polyurethane is used, it has unique properties which absorb the microwaves so the metal can transform that energy into heat energy to transfer to foods, or what ever else may need to be heated. For the choice in metal, both copper and aluminum will be used, both set in different shapes (ex. Coil and wave) in order to vary the testing and to see which will conduct heat the best. The control in the project will be just water, to see if the polyurethane coated metal will heat the water at a quicker rate.

  2. David S. Says:

    Microdiesel is becoming more popular because of its environmental benefits, oil fueling high prices, and over use and unavailability. This project is aimed toward producing Microdiesel as a multiuse fuel; some of these uses include home heating systems and a variety of engines that power cars, boats, tractors, and other farm equipment. Methodology of producing this fuel includes transesterification of one triglyceride plus 3 methanol’s’ that equals 3 Biodiesels’ and one Glycerol. This double bond break occurs and produces the fuel Microdiesel. For measuring the effectiveness of the produced fuel TLC, Think Layer Chromatography will be used. Using Petroleum Ether, Vinegar, and something else as a mobile phase, this will show a quantifiable separation of the fuel. After spraying this solution with 40% Sulfuric Acid and repeatedly holding over a Bunsen burner the separation will be more easily quantified and seen. After this a copy of the plates will be used to find the area of the separation compared to regular diesel, this direct comparison between the two will show the effectiveness of the fuel produced compared to regular diesel fuel.

  3. Gannon F. Says:

    Using Piezoelectric Crystals as an Alternative Energy Source

    This project deals with using piezoelectric crystals to create a form of alternative energy. In certain environments that are characterized by high sound pressure levels (such as concert halls, subway tunnels/stations, etc.), piezoelectric sound panels could be installed as an acoustic to electrical energy converter. Piezoelectric materials are sensitive to mechanical energy, such as tension and compression, as well as acoustic energy. The same piezoelectric panel concept could be applied to schools, offices, and other environments that are susceptible to various forms of mechanical energy. Thus far in the project, Rochelle salt crystals have been grown, using sodium bitartrate and and sodium carbonate. Once grown, the crystals were tested for piezoelectric properties. The test consisted of connecting the crystal to an oscilloscope and applying pressure. When pressure is applied, the oscilloscope should have produced a reading, showing that the piezoelectric effect worked, and how much voltage it created. The test did not work, however, because the Rochelle salt crystals were very weak, and fractured easily. After the failed measurement, quartz crystals were tested. Though they are physically much stronger, they still did not produce any results. It was later learned that the crystals had to be polarized. The crystals were submitted to electrical and magnetic fields, though neither bore any results. The final test would be to submit the crystal to a magnetic field created by two large electromagnets. The crystal may be polarized already depending up whether or not the oscilloscope is functioning correctly. It has proven shaky the past few tests, showing that whether or not the crystal is polarized is uncertain. A Berlincourt meter is needed, as it is a meter specifically designed to measure the direct piezoelectric effect.

  4. Teagueinaneut Says:

    Thank you!

  5. Tyler W. Says:

    Design and Construction of a Computer Cooling System Using Sodium Nitrate Solution as a Heat Transfer Liquid

    In a computer, the central processing unit controls all functions. The unit produces a great deal of heat, due to the friction from its electric signals. Recently, an effect known as Bohr’s Law has come into effect in the computing field. This law states that the number of transistors able to be placed on a processor doubles approximately every eighteen months. As the number of transistors increases, so does the heat output in the processor, since more electricity is handled. Standard methods of cooling include a fan and a heat sink. However, these methods are becoming less effective and will soon be obsolete in the future when chips produce too much heat to be handled by this standard method. A different form of cooling has been developed: liquid cooling. This method uses the conductive properties of liquid to absorb the heat of the processor into a transfer fluid. The heat is then radiated out of the system at a separate location. The most common transfer fluid in use is water, but as cooling needs increase, more efficient solutions must be considered. A sodium nitrate solution is a good alternative, because the sodium nitrate adds conductivity to the solution, and will thus take heat more readily, and dissipate it quicker. In the experimental process, a block of metal will be heated, and cooled via a liquid cooling system. In one trial, the cooling system will be filled with water, to be used as a control. Then, a sodium nitrate solution will be run through the system. The temperature will be measured through sensors at several locations on the block. Whichever liquid cools the metal at a higher rate will be considered more effective.

  6. John K Says:

    Water contamination is a major concern of many agencies around the world. They are looking for a cost effective way to clean up oil contamination, lead, and mercury. Organoclay, comprised of clay and a volcanic ash known as bentonite, is a cost effective way to remove oil from rivers around the world. For this project soil samples were taken from nearby two gas stations, one which was abandoned and one that is currently a Global. These samples were tested for hydrocarbons, which fuel is made of using .1 molar hydrochloric acid and freon. The freon was extracted from the mixture and was put into a single IR spectrophotometer. This measured the ppm or parts per million of hydrocarbons. A household water filter will have the Organoclay placed in it and the contaminated water will be pumped through to have the Organoclay remove it. Organoclay is a very easy to make substance sense all you do is mix clay and bentonite together. This could very well change the way oil remediation is looked at in the future.

  7. Tyler W. Says:

    Dr- I made a slight error in the first one. This is revised. Thanks.

    Design and Construction of a Computer Cooling System Using Sodium Nitrate Solution as a Heat Transfer Liquid

    In a computer, the central processing unit controls all functions. The unit produces a great deal of heat, due to the friction from its electric signals. Recently, an effect known as Moore’s Law has come into effect in the computing field. This law states that the number of transistors able to be placed on a processor doubles approximately every eighteen months. As the number of transistors increases, so does the heat output in the processor, since more electricity is handled. Standard methods of cooling include a fan and a heat sink. However, these methods are becoming less effective and will soon be obsolete in the future when chips produce too much heat to be handled by this standard method. A different form of cooling has been developed: liquid cooling. This method uses the conductive properties of liquid to absorb the heat of the processor into a transfer fluid. The heat is then radiated out of the system at a separate location. The most common transfer fluid in use is water, but as cooling needs increase, more efficient solutions must be considered. A sodium nitrate solution is a good alternative, because the sodium nitrate adds conductivity to the solution, and will thus take heat more readily, and dissipate it quicker. In the experimental process, a block of metal will be heated, and cooled via a liquid cooling system. In one trial, the cooling system will be filled with water, to be used as a control. Then, a sodium nitrate solution will be run through the system. The temperature will be measured through sensors at several locations on the block. Whichever liquid cools the metal at a higher rate will be considered more effective.

  8. Amanda W. Says:

    Recombinant bovine somatotropin(rBST) is used in a large percentage of the cattle America consumes on a daily basis, but how can an American find out if it is in the they meat they specifically consume? Testing to see if rBST is in your meat can be done by taking a sample of ground beef from any grocery store, and doing several scientific procedures. First polyachridamine gel electrophoresis is conducted, to isolate the proteins. Following electrophoresis western blotting is done to transfer the proteins to a nitrocellulose membrane. Then milk is used to rinse the nitrocellulose membrane, it will cling to the rBST protein. Primary and secondary antibodies are incubated with the membrane over night. Alkaline phosphate is used to make the rBST protein evident. Tentative results will show that rBST is evident in the meat sample.

  9. Dan Spicer Says:

    Hydrogen fuel cells are becoming a larger topic among the energy production market because of the abilities of it to produce energy with no hazardous materials leaked into the atmosphere. Among the most popular of these fuel cells are the Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells. PEM Fuel Cells use a Nafion membrane for the reaction that creates water as a byproduct in order to create energy. The cell releases hydrogen onto the cathode side of the cell while air is released onto the anode. The cathode and anode corral the energy created by the joining of hydrogen and oxygen in the air. In cold starts of PEM fuel cells, water is formed in vapor and liquid form, and when cooling, flash freezes to restrict the flow of fluids within the cell. The fuel cell is in need of a process that will reduce freezing to make the cell efficient longer. Long tests have been run on the cell to observe the power output of the cell on a long term scale and the cell runs efficiently for over an hour without being restricted at room temperature. The cell runs on a home made Hoffman electrolysis apparatus, which splits water by way of electricity. In future trials, the cell will be frozen to simulate a cold environment and use an infrared light to generate heat on the cell. The cell would be able to power the light that would ideally eliminate freezing and improve efficiency in cold starts.

  10. David S. Says:

    Biodiesel is becoming more popular because of its environmental benefits, oil fueling high prices, and over use and unavailability. This project is aimed toward producing Biodiesel as a multiuse fuel; some of these uses include home heating systems and a variety of engines that power cars, boats, tractors, and other farm equipment. Methodology of producing this fuel includes transesterification of a fatty acid carbon source using genetically modified bacteria. The genetically modified bacteria produce the enzymes pyruvate decarboxylase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and an unspecific acyltransferase to catalyze the biodiesel formation. The project was sought to optimize a biofermentation protocol. Separation of the fuel from the E. coli cell consists of running created fuel through a rotavap, and the added chemical Diethyl Ether. A rotavap is a separation technique that uses evaporation and condensation to obtain desired fuel.

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